Extinction Bounties

Policy-based deterrence for the 21st century.

Policy-Research Disclaimer (click to close)

Extinction Bounties publishes theoretical economic and legal mechanisms intended to stimulate scholarly and public debate on catastrophic-risk governance. The site offers policy analysis and advocacy only in the sense of outlining possible legislative or contractual frameworks.

  • No Legal or Financial Advice. Nothing here should be treated as a substitute for qualified legal counsel, financial due-diligence, or regulatory guidance. Stakeholders remain responsible for ensuring their actions comply with the laws and professional standards of their own jurisdictions.
  • Exploratory & Personal Views. All scenarios, numerical examples and opinions are research hypotheses presented by the author in an academic capacity. They do not represent the views of the author’s employer, funding bodies, or any governmental authority.
  • Implementation Caveats. Any real-world adoption of these ideas would require democratic deliberation, statutory authority, and robust safeguards to prevent misuse. References to enforcement, penalties, or “bounties” are illustrative models, not instructions or invitations to engage in private policing or unlawful conduct.
  • No Warranty & Limited Liability. Content is provided “as is” without warranty of completeness or accuracy; the author disclaims liability for losses arising from reliance on this material.

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Our 2-minute elevator pitch


Extinction Bounties in 2 Minutes

Humanity’s biggest threats today don’t respect borders. Runaway AI development, engineered pandemics, rogue nanotech — all of these are global risks, all of these are dependent on the development of novel technologies, and all of these could be developed - at least in theory - by anyone, at any time, from any where. Our enforcement systems remain stuck at the national level. Treaties are slow. International law is weak. Policing cross-border actors? Near impossible. And even if we could - how on Earth do you stop progress, without destroying everything great about modern civilization in the act?

We think extinction bounties can solve both of these. An extinction bounty flips the script: instead of trying to punish offenders with state-led enforcement, we use insurance-backed monetary fines and open bounty hunting to create a global market for detection and deterrence.

Here’s how it works:

  1. Huge statutory fines are levied on activities which pose deep existential risk to mankind - for example, training a new frontier AI model, or trying to develop a superbug in a gain-of-function lab.
  2. Anyone, from anywhere in the world, can earn a bounty by giving evidence that leads to a successful conviction. The money they get is paid directly by the victim to the bounty hunter, similar to the wildly-successful SEC whistleblower program.
  3. Similar to how virtually everyone on the road has driver’s insurance, a private liability insurance industry will quickly spring up for each extinction bounty, to protect e.g. ordinary software engineers from being falsely accused of advancing unsafe AI. And, much like driver’s insurance policies do, if you start to act funny, your premiums will spike. If they keep you as a client at all.

This has three transformative effects:

Extinction bounties cost little, scale cleanly, can be adapted to wildly different governance structures, and avoid whole categories of problems inherent in traditional criminal justice systems. You don’t need to rewrite the penal code. The vast majority of your populace won’t even notice they’re in place.

When the downside is inconcievably large, we need enforcement that’s automatic, incorruptible, and fast. Extinction bounties may be the key to all three.

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